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Table 2 Distribution of outcomes in children and adults by label condition and phase, Guatemala, 2019

From: Efficacy of front-of-pack warning label system versus guideline for daily amount on healthfulness perception, purchase intention and objective understanding of nutrient content of food products in Guatemala: a cross-over cluster randomized controlled experiment

 

Adults (n = 178)

 

Phase 1

Phase 3

Phase 1

Phase 3

p-value

Outcome a

GDA (n = 101)

FOPWL (n = 77)

 

Understanding of nutritional content indicator (1-100) (single product), mean ± SE

51.0 ± 1.1

62.1 ± 1.3

55.1 ± 1.2

72.6 ± 1.7

< 0.001

Understanding of nutritional content score

(1-100) (comparison task), mean ± SE

19.9 ± 0.8

17.4 ± 0.8

20.7 ± 0.9

44.2 ± 2.3

< 0.001

Purchase intention indicator

(1-100) (single product), mean ± SE

64.2 ± 1.7

60.9 ± 1.7

63.4 ± 2.0

38.0 ± 1.9

< 0.001

Purchase intention score

(0–4) (comparison task), mean ± SE

1.2 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.1

< 0.001

Healthfulness Perception indicator

(1-100) (single product), mean ± SE

51.4 ± 1.8

49.5 ± 1.0

48.3 ± 2.3

32.5 ± 1.9

< 0.001

Healthfulness Perception score

(0–4) (comparison task), mean ± SE

1.3 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.1

2.4 ± 0.1

< 0.001

 

Children (n = 177)

 
 

GDA (n = 92)

FOPWL (n = 85)

 

Understanding of nutritional content indicator (1-100) (single product), Mean ± SE

49.8 ± 1.0

55.0 ± 1.4

52.2 ± 1.2

59.2 ± 1.8

0.0625

Understanding of nutritional content score (1-100) (comparison task), Mean ± SE

24.6 ± 0.8

23.7 ± 0.7

25.6 ± 1.0

40.0 ± 2.2

< 0.001

Purchase intention indicator (1-100)

(single product), mean ± SE

69.8 ± 2.1

61.0 ± 2.0

66.8 ± 1.9

44.0 ± 2.0

< 0.001

Purchase intention score (0–4)

(comparison task), mean ± SE

1.4 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.1

< 0.001

Healthfulness perception indicator (1-100)

(single product), mean ± SE

53.3 ± 2.1

53.0 ± 2.0

51.4 ± 2.0

38.7 ± 1.7

< 0.001

Healthfulness perception score (0–4)

(comparison task), mean ± SE

1.8 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

2.0 ± 0.1

0.003

  1. P values obtained using a T test comparing FOPWL vs. GDA during phase 3 (exposure to intervention)
  2. GDA: Guideline for Daily Amount system. FOPWL: front-of-package warning labeling system. SE: standard error
  3. aUnderstanding of nutritional content indicator (single product): Correct responses were scored 1, and the total number was obtained by adding the correct responses, converted into a 1-100 scale. Understanding of nutritional content score (comparison task): Correct responses were scored 1, and the total number was obtained by adding the correct responses, converted into a 1-100 scale. Purchase intention indicator (single product) was estimated from a Likert Scale (1–7) and converted into 1-100 scale. Purchase intention score (comparison task): The correct responses were given a score of 1 and the total score was obtained by adding the number of correct answers. Healthfulness perception indicator (single product): was estimated from a Likert Scale (1–7) and converted into a 1-100 scale. Healthfulness perception of Healthiness score (comparison task): The correct responses were given a score of 1 and the total score was obtained by adding the number of correct answers
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Archives of Public Health

ISSN: 2049-3258