Table 3 Comparison of exposure group and control for outcomes of interest. Continuous variables: p-value for difference calculated from unpaired Welch’s T-test. SD, standard deviation. All values given to 3 significant figures
Variable | Exposure Baseline | Exposure at 12 months | Change in exposure group | Control at Baseline | Control at 12 months | Change in control group | Difference between control and exposed | 95% CI | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Per Member per month costs (USD), Mean | 266 | 352 | 86.0 | 289 | 490 | 201 | -115 | -210, -20.2 | 0.0175* |
Inpatient paid amounts (USD), Mean | 710 | 983 | 273 | 732 | 1703 | 971 | -698 | -1554, 158 | 0.110 |
Non emergent ED paid amounts (USD), Mean | 121 | 124 | 3.22 | 120 | 197 | 77.0 | -73.8 | -164, 15.9 | 0.107 |
Outpatient paid amounts (USD), Mean | 392 | 626 | 234 | 387 | 600 | 213 | + 21.5 | -297, 340 | 0.895 |
Pharmacy paid amounts (USD), Mean | 921 | 1410 | 489 | 1279 | 2046 | 767 | -278 | -693, 137 | 0.189 |
Inpatient utilization / 1000 | 100 | 149 | 48.8 | 100 | 180 | 79.9 | -31.1 | -94.1, 318 | 0.332 |
Non emergent ED utilization / 1000 | 367 | 407 | 39.3 | 367 | 466 | 98.9 | -59.6 | -162, 42.7 | 0.253 |
Outpatient utilization / 1000 | 3423 | 4669 | 1246 | 3855 | 5341 | 1486 | -240 | -910, 430 | 0.483 |
Flu Vaccine (%) | 14.1 | 8.36 | -5.71 | 15.3 | 9.04 | -6.21 | 0.504 | -3.23, 4.24 | 0.791 |
Adult BMI assessment (%) | 74.2 | 72.5 | -1.72 | 74.4 | 76.7 | 2.24 | -3.96 | -10.8, 2.85 | 0.254 |
Breast cancer screening (%) | 37.7 | 39.6 | 1.89 | 44.0 | 46.0 | 2.00 | 0.113 | -20.7, 20.4 | 0.991 |
Cervical cancer screening (%) | 47.6 | 51.1 | 3.53 | 50.4 | 56.4 | 5.95 | -2.42 | -8.86, 4.02 | 0.482 |
Controlling blood pressure (%) | 15.0 | 13.3 | -1.77 | 11.6 | 12.6 | 1.05 | -2.82 | -14.8, 9.18 | 0.643 |
Diabetic retinopathy exam (%) | 23.6 | 32.7 | 9.09 | 28.8 | 30.8 | 1.92 | 7.17 | -14.6, 28.9 | 0.515 |
Diabetic kidney exam (%) | 56.3 | 47.3 | -9.06 | 63.5 | 57.7 | -5.77 | -3.29 | -24.3, 17.6 | 0.754 |
Access to preventative health services (20–44 y/o) (%) | 30.6 | 26.7 | -3.93 | 40.2 | 27.9 | -12.2 | 8.31 | 0.352, 16.3 | 0.041* |
Access to preventative health services (45–64 y/o) (%) | 40.5 | 43.5 | 3.06 | 40.4 | 46.1 | 5.67 | -2.61 | -12.6, 7.42 | 0.609 |
Hemoglobin A1c test (%) | 20.0 | 23.6 | 3.64 | 9.62 | 17.3 | 7.69 | -4.06 | -24.3, 16.2 | 0.692 |