Non-rigorous versus rigorous home confinement differently impacts mental health, quality of life and behaviors. Which one was better? A cross-sectional study with older Brazilian adults during covid-19 first wave

Table 2 Probability of explaining the presence of depression symptoms risk, lower quality of life, and bad sleep quality with logistic regressions by cross-sectional analysis based on confinement rigidity, sociodemographic variables, pet ownership, technological skills, and number of health conditions, nutritional status, and fulfillment of physical activity guidelines. Brazilian older adults’ data from Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil submitted to a home-confinement period during the covid-19 first wave

Variable		χ²	p	Wald	OR	p	95%CI [LB-SB]
Dependent	Independent	χ²	p	Wald	OR	p	95%CI [LB-SB]
Depression Symptoms (1 = yes; 0 = no)	Confinement rigidity (1 = non-rigorous; 0 = rigorous)	134.033	< 0.001	22.474	2.067	< 0.001	1.531–2.791
	Educational level
	- Less than 6 years (ref)			9.516		0.009
	− 6–12 years			0.881	0.865	0.348	0.639–1.171
	- More than 12 years			8.965	0.360	0.003	0.184–0.703
	Ethnicity
	- White (ref)			13.567		0.001
	- Pardos			5.951	1.461	0.015	1.077–1.982
	- Other ethnicity			8.653	2.456	0.003	1.350–4.469
	Ability to use WhatsApp® (0 = no; 1 = yes)			10.886	2.031	< 0.001	1.333–3.093
	Number of health conditions (continuous)			39.401	1.371	< 0.001	1.243–1.514
	Compliance with physical activity recommendations (1 = yes; 0 = no)			5.417	0.647	0.020	0.448–0.934
Quality of Life (1 = bad; 0 = good)	Confinement rigidity (1 = non-rigorous; 0 = rigorous)	74.540	< 0.001	8.476	1.488	0.004	1.139–1.944
	Number of health conditions (continuous)			43.789	1.380	< 0.001	1.254–1.518
	Daily sitting time (continuous)			9.721	1.092	0.002	1.033–1-154
Sleep Quality (1 = bad; 0 = good)	Confinement rigidity (1 = non-rigorous; 0 = rigorous)	91.290	< 0.001	20.427	1.839	< 0.001	1.412–2.395
	Ethnicity
	- White (ref)			7.065		0.029
	- Pardos			3.365	1.285	0.067	0.983–1.679
	- Other ethnicity			4.093	1.865	0.043	1.020–3.411
	Number of health conditions (continuous)			32.965	1.312	< 0.001	1.196–1.439
	Fulfilling physical activity recommendations (1 = yes; 0 = no)			8.202	0.637	0.004	0.468–0.867
	Daily sitting Time (continuous)			6.331	0.933	0.012	0.884–0.985

Note: For all dependent variables Depression Symptoms (1 = yes; 0 = no), Quality of Life (1 = low; 0 = high) and Sleep Quality (1 = bad; 0 = good), the independent variables age (as continuous), sex (female = 0; male = 1), educational level (less than 6 years (ref) = 0; 6 to 12 years = 1; more than 12 years = 3), ethnicity (white (ref) = 0; pardo = 1; other ethnicity = 2), marital status (0 = single, divorced or widowed; 1 = married or common-law marriage), retirement (0 = no; 1 = yes), nutritional status (0 = normal weight; 1 = overweight and obesity), ability to perform video calls (0 = no; 1 = yes), ability to use WhatsApp® (0 = no; 1 = yes), dog ownership (0 = no; 1 = yes), cat ownership (0 = no; 1 = yes), bird ownership (0 = no; 1 = yes), number of health conditions (as continuous), compliance with physical activity guidelines (1 = yes; 0 = no), and daily sitting time (as continuous) were considered. For each dependent variable, only the significant independent predictors are shown. χ²: Chi-square test; OR: odds ratio or Exp(B); CI: confident interval; LB: lower bond; UB: upper bond.

ISSN: 2049-3258