Table 1 Association between social determinants, drug injecting behaviours, sexual behaviours and HIV with Hepatitis C
Characteristic | Total (n = 1045) | Hepatitis C (n = 301, 28.8%) | Not Hepatitis C (n = 744, 71.2%) | Χ2 (df) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Region | 96 (2) | < 0.001 | |||
Eastern Terai Region | 360 (34.4) | 171 (47.5) | 189 (52.5) | ||
Kathmandu | 340 (32.5) | 75 (22.1) | 265 (77.9) | ||
Pokhara | 345 (33) | 55 (15.9) | 290 (84.1) | ||
Age | 61 (2) | < 0.001 | |||
Below 20 years | 210 (20.1) | 31 (14.8) | 179 (85.2) | ||
20–29 years | 536 (51.3) | 134 (25.0) | 402 (75.0) | ||
30 years and above | 299 (28.6) | 136 (45.5) | 163 (54.5) | ||
Education | 3 (2) | 0.17 | |||
No education | 25 (2.4) | 7 (28.0) | 18 (72.0) | ||
Primary | 141 (13.5) | 50 (35.5) | 91 (64.5) | ||
Secondary and above | 879 (84.1) | 244 (27.8) | 635 (72.2) | ||
Marital status | 40 (1) | < 0.001 | |||
Single | 654 (62.6) | 143 (21.9) | 511 (78.1) | ||
Married | 391 (37.4) | 158 (40.4) | 233 (59.6) | ||
History of Imprisonment | 9.5 (1) | 0.002 | |||
Yes | 677 (64.7) | 217 (32.1) | 460 (67.9) | ||
No | 368 (35.3) | 84 (22.8) | 284 (77.2) | ||
Age of drug initiation | 6 (2) | 0.03 | |||
Below 20 years | 614 (58.8) | 179 (29.2) | 435 (70.8) | ||
20–29 years | 360 (34.4) | 93 (25.8) | 267 (74.2) | ||
30 years and above | 71 (6.8) | 29 (40.8) | 42 (59.2) | ||
Duration of drug use | 85 (3) | < 0.001 | |||
Below 2 years | 331 (31.7) | 44 (13.3) | 287 (86.7) | ||
2–10 years | 446 (42.7) | 129 (28.9) | 317 (71.1) | ||
More than 10 years | 268 (25.6) | 128 (47.8) | 140 (52.2) | ||
Duration of injecting drugs | 113 (3) | < 0.001 | |||
Below 2 years | 553 (53.0) | 91 (16.5) | 462 (83.5) | ||
2–10 years | 356 (34.0) | 129 (36.2) | 227 (63.8) | ||
More than 10 years | 136 (13.0) | 81 (59.6) | 55 (40.4) | ||
Used needle/ syringe previously used by someone in past week | 2.1 (1) | 0.157 | |||
Yes | 40 (3.8) | 16 (40) | 24 (60) | ||
No | 1005 (96.2) | 285 (28.4) | 720 (71.6) | ||
Use syringe/needle left in public place in past week | 1.1 (1) | 0.293 | |||
Yes | 16 (1.5) | 7 (43.8) | 9 (56.2) | ||
No | 1029(98.5) | 294 (28.6) | 735 (71.4) | ||
Share needle/syringe to someone after you used it in past week | 6.9 (1) | 0.009 | |||
Yes | 47 (4.5) | 22 (46.8) | 25 (53.2) | ||
No | 998(95.5) | 279 (28) | 719 (72) | ||
Age of first sex | 2.5 (1) | 0.117 | |||
Below 20 years | 865 (82.7) | 240 (27.7) | 625 (72.3) | ||
Above 20 years | 180 (17.3) | 61 (33.9) | 119 (66.1) | ||
Sexual contact with partners in past year | 0.2 (1) | 0.740 | |||
Yes | 797 (76.3) | 227 (28.5) | 570 (71.5) | ||
No | 248(23.7) | 74 (29.8) | 174 (70.2) | ||
Sexual contact with FSWs in past year | 2.8 (1) | 0.090 | |||
Yes | 243(23.2) | 59 (24.3) | 184 (75.7) | ||
No | 802(76.8) | 242 (30.2) | 560 (69.8) | ||
Consistent condom use with regular sexual partners | 35 (1) | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 210(20.1) | 96 (45.7) | 114 (54.3) | ||
No | 835(79.9) | 205 (24.6) | 630 (75.4) | ||
Consistent condom use with FSWs | 1.7 (1) | 0.193 | |||
Yes | 216(20.7) | 54 (25) | 162 (75) | ||
No | 829(79.3) | 247 (29.8) | 582 (70.2) | ||
Consistent condom use with non-regular sexual partners | |||||
Yes | 359(34.3) | 86 (24) | 273 (76) | 5.9 (1) | 0.015 |
No | 686(65.7) | 215 (31.3) | 471 (68.7) | ||
Consistent condom use with FSWs | 1.7 (1) | 0.193 | |||
Yes | 216(20.7) | 54 (25) | 162 (75) | ||
No | 829(79.3) | 247 (29.8) | 582 (70.2) | ||
HIV | 41 (2) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 65 (6.2) | 42 (64.6) | 23 (35.4) | ||
No | 980 (93.8) | 259 (26.4) | 721 (73.6) | ||